Медичний центр "Трансформація">Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar affective disorder requires proper treatment. Manic-depressive psychosis or BAD is a severe mental illness. In patients, the quality of life decreases, severe depressive states occur, and the risk of suicide increases, so it is necessary to contact specialists in a timely manner.

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness

BAD is a disorder that is considered by psychiatrists as a disease of an endogenous nature. The main cause of the failure is the imbalance of biologically active chemicals contained in the brain. At risk are people who have a family history of severe mental illness.

Bipolar disorder can have different causes:

Heredity. The genetic factor contributes to the development of the disease in 70% of cases.
The external environment. External factors can serve as a provocateur in 30% of cases, of which 22% are stressful situations, conflicts in the family and at work, the death of a loved one. The impetus may be the use of drugs or alcohol. In 8% of situations, the failure occurs by accident.

An affective disorder appears suddenly, develops in people aged 20 to 30 years, but can remain unrecognized for a long time if the patient ignores the symptoms or is misdiagnosed.

“Bipolar” and its classification

There is no clear classification of affective disorder. The division is based on the symptoms observed in the patient.

There are the following types of deviations:

unipolar (only manic or only depressive manifestations);
bipolar (accompanied by a phase change of one direction);
distinctly bipolar (episodes of the same intensity and duration).

In the American classifier, bipolar disorder type 1 is listed as a pathology that has pronounced and clear phases of mania. The second variety has no such symptoms. It is accompanied by hypomanic episodes that are milder. However, the second type can easily transform into a state with severe mania, which significantly complicates the diagnosis.

There is also an opinion that type 2 bipolar disorder and severe unipolar depression have similar manifestations. In the international classifier, two options are distinguished: mania and depression. This typology is used in domestic medicine.

In the classification based on the course of the disease, the following types are distinguished:

unipolar or monopolar;
mania intermittent (with pronounced symptoms of mania, which alternates with intermediate phases);
depression intermittent (short-term recurrent bipolar depression);
correctly intermittent (preserving the sequence: manic phase – intermediate phase – depression – intermediate phase);
irregularly intermittent (oppositely directed episodes alternate without a clear sequence, but with preservation of interphase);
double (both phases follow one another, then interphase);
continuous (manic depression, when episodes alternate in a clear sequence, there is no interphase).

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Symptoms of Bipolar Depressive Disorder

Bipolar depression is more common than the manic phase. The lack of the ability to taste food often leads to loss of appetite and weight loss.

Symptoms at first are almost imperceptible and appear only over time:

Initial – the general tone drops, motor and mental activity slows down. Sleep problems appear.
Increasing – apathy, lethargy, anxiety, sleep and appetite disturbance, insomnia, a sharp decrease in the amount of food consumed.
Severe – depression, feelings of sadness and anxiety, lack of desire to speak, slow and quiet speech, anorexia, loss of strength and a high degree of fatigue.
Reactive – symptoms are reduced to almost zero, activity is restored.

Signs of Bipolar Manic Disorder

Manic disorder is accompanied by high spirits, increased activity and arousal.

Stages of manic bipolar disorder

Hypomanic – a significant rise in mood, increased activity. A person cannot concentrate, speaks quickly and with pleasure, sleeps little, he has a good appetite.
The stage of severe mania – the signs of hypomania become more pronounced, talkativeness, excess laughter often turn into anger, incoherent thoughts in speech, difficulty in building cause-and-effect relationships. Sleep takes no more than 4-5 hours a day.
The stage of manic frenzy – illogical reasoning, motor excitement, incoherent speech.
Calmness – excitement in all aspects of activity decreases, proceeds with the preservation of elevated mood.
Reactive – similar to the initial stage, when the patient is completely calm and inhibited. Hyperactivity and arousal disappear.

In order to determine the severity of BAD, King’s College Psychiatry has developed a scale for the diagnosis of YMRS.

Our doctors

Gruzina Alina Anatolievna

Narcologist-psychiatrist

Work experience: 8 years

Education: Vinnitsa National Pirogov Medical University (2015), specialization in psychiatry and drug treatment.

Gurenko Tatiana Anatolievna

Narcologist

Work experience: 22 years

Education: Dnepropetrovsk State Medical Academy (1995-2001), internship in psychiatry (2002), specialization in narcology (2007)

Symptoms of Bipolar Depressive Disorder

Bipolar depression is more common than the manic phase. The lack of the ability to taste food often leads to loss of appetite and weight loss.

Symptoms at first are almost imperceptible and appear only over time:

Initial – the general tone drops, motor and mental activity slows down. Sleep problems appear.
Increasing – apathy, lethargy, anxiety, sleep and appetite disturbance, insomnia, a sharp decrease in the amount of food consumed.
Severe – depression, feelings of sadness and anxiety, lack of desire to speak, slow and quiet speech, anorexia, loss of strength and a high degree of fatigue.
Reactive – symptoms are reduced to almost zero, activity is restored.

Bipolar disorder with mixed symptoms

Symptoms affecting mood, mental activity and motor activity change with a certain frequency. One of the aspects becomes more pronounced against the background of the others.
Mixed symptoms greatly complicate the process of diagnosis and selection of the correct treatment. This group of patients requires special attention, as the risk of suicide increases. Half of patients between 17 and 21 years of age with signs of a mixed state commit suicide with fatal outcomes, so treatment should not be delayed.

Bipolar Disorder Treatment

The treatment of bipolar disorder involves constant monitoring by a doctor, medication, and adherence to preventive measures.

How to improve your health:

see a psychiatrist and follow his orders;
take the right dosage of medicines in a timely manner;
keep a diary of your states, changes in mood;
attend school, go to work;
take a course of psychotherapy;
keep in touch with loved ones and family.

BAD is a chronic disease, but with the right selection of drugs, it can be stopped and kept under control. Specialists of the branches of the Transformation clinic in Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi are engaged in the diagnosis of mental disorders, the selection of effective treatment methods. If the regime and medical prescriptions are followed, the patient’s condition will stabilize, which will allow him to return to his usual life.

Article author

Alina Anatolievna Gruzina

Narcologist-psychiatrist

FAQ

How long does treatment for bipolar disorder take in a hospital?

BAD - chronic relapsing disorder, during the period of exacerbation, both the manic and depressive phases are treated from 14 days to a month, it is sometimes possible to stop an acute condition in the first week of the active phase of treatment

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